Overall Teaching

The Bodhisattva defeats Māra not through force, but through the power of virtue, compassion, and fearlessness. His past cultivation empowers him to face illusions calmly, the devatās defend him with truth, and his touch transforms even Māra’s malice. Thus, enlightenment arises from overcoming obstacles with compassion and steadfast resolve, transforming even hostility into a step toward awakening.

Summary

1. The Summoning of Māras

   • As the Bodhisattva sits at the bodhimaṇḍa, he emits a ray of light called “Warning Illumination for all Māras.” This plunges Māra’s palaces into darkness, signalling his imminent enlightenment. The Māra armies, with terrifying forms, weapons, and powers, grow anxious. The Bodhisattva draws them near with his power; they produce frightening sounds to disturb beings, but he perceives them as mere echoes and remains fearless.

2. The Devatās’ Rebuke of the Māras

   • The devatās guarding the bodhimaṇḍa confront Māra’s armies. They proclaim sixteen rebukes, declaring the Bodhisattva’s superior power, radiance, and ability to rout, terrify, hinder, or dispel the māras. Despite these rebukes, the māras remain defiant and unyielding.

3. The Defeat of Māra's Armies

   • The Bodhisattva, empowered by vast past virtues, calmly touches Māra’s head, instilling compassion. When he touches the earth, it quakes in six ways, and supernatural signs appear, terrifying Māra’s forces. A heavenly voice praises him. Many māras repent and seek refuge, others attempt to flee but are immobilised, and the rest retreat in fear. Witnessing this, countless beings generate the aspiration for awakening or attain patience.