Overall Teaching

Awakening culminates not in isolation but in sharing Dharma universally. Through offerings, pleas, and the first sermon, the Buddha’s awakening becomes the foundation of a collective path, transforming the cosmos and guiding beings of every capacity toward liberation.

Summary

1. The Various Characteristics Manifested by the Bodhisattva

   • Beings perceive the Bodhisattva differently: some see him defeating Māra, others not; some see him under different trees or on various thrones. These diverse visions signify the purity of the Bodhisattva’s attainment.

2. The Exaltation of Bodhisattvas and Buddhas

   • Bodhisattvas from countless worlds assemble, offering praises with diverse voices and practices. Buddhas from limitless realms also bless Śākyamuni, showing that enlightenment is universally recognised and revered

3. The Exaltations of Devaputras and the Four Great Kings’ Gift of the Alms Bowl

   • After enlightenment, the Four Great Kings offer jeweled alms bowls. Through the Buddha’s power, they merge into one, symbolising unity. Devaputras and devīs also pay homage, aspiring for awakening

4. The Offerings of Trapuṣa and Bhallika

   • The merchants Trapuṣa and Bhallika, fulfilling an ancient vow, offer food to the Buddha, becoming the first lay disciples. Their act signifies the joy and progress generated by supporting the Buddha

5. The Exhortation of Brahmā King Śikhin

   • Brahmā King Śikhin, supported by a vast host of brahmās, entreats the Buddha to turn the wheel of Dharma for the benefit of all beings. Other devas and bodhisattvas echo his plea

6. The Tathāgata Proceeds to Ṛṣipatana

   • Accepting their request, the Buddha journeys to Ṛṣipatana. With divine adornments and thrones offered, he manifests on each, entering profound samādhi that transforms the worlds and relieves beings of afflictions.

7. Turning the Wheel of the True Dharma

   • The Buddha delivers his first teaching of the Four Noble Truths in diverse ways suited to beings’ capacities. His turning of the Dharma wheel inspires 84,000 beings towards awakening and establishes countless others on the path.